The Battle of Somme :: World War I WWI WW!

The contend of SommeThere was fighting all over the realness leading up to the battle of the Somme. On August 3, 1914 Germany invaded Belgium. At the end of September the German troops were about 30 miles from Paris. At the battle of the Marne the German army was stopped by the British and French armies. The Germans turn over trenches to help defend them when the troops were advancing. The British and German armies tried to go sideways kinda of strait into apiece other and built trenches on the way. They both went all the way to the sea that was called the race to the sea. Both of the armies tried braking through each others trenches. They defended with shells and machine guns and advanced on foot with rifles. Germany became the first country to use poison gas in warfare in 1915 at the battle Ypres. The British were the first army to ever use tanks as a weapon in war in the battle of the Somme. (Marshall, S. L. A. - World War I)The plan for the Battle of the Somme was to get a h uge new army of soldiers. The men and supplies would be collected in trenches. The British would then bomb the German trenches for 7 days. The British fired over one and a half millions shells from 1537 guns at the German lines, which should have destroyed the German dug-outs which were dug 9 meters deep into the ground, shred their nipping wire and kill most of the Germans. Ten mines were dug under the German strong points. They exploded two minutes before the attack. The British armies crossed No Mans Land. They took over the German trenches. The Germans bombed British trenches but the British were ready for the attack. The British guns fired at the German trenches. The British gunmen stood together and fired. The sound of the gunshot could be heard in London. (Mier, Earl The Golden Book History of the United States) The Germans survived the fire and begun to fire back, this made the Germans more excited, fewer men went on a sick parade and no-one wanted to miss the fight. They fired back and forth all night. The firing stopped in the morning and there was silence. Miners dug and were trying to put mines in the German trenches. Mines blew and the attack began.

Poetry, History, and Dialectic :: Philosophy Argumentative Argument Papers

Poetry, History, and DialecticTwice in the Poetics, Aristotle contrasts poetry with history. Whatever its didactic value, the contrast has not seemed to readers of special philosophical interest. The aim of this root word is to show that this contrast is philosophically significant not just for our understanding of calamity but also for the light it sheds on Aristotles overall methodology. I shall show how he uses the method sketched in the Topics to define tragedy and explain why the same method will not define history. In particular, tragedy admits of definition because its parts constitute a unity, and much of the Poetics aims to show how, despite being defined through six distinct parts, tragedy can be one. In contrast, history, though a proper preliminary to poetics and concerned also with human action, does not admit of scientific treatment because it contains no essential unities. Aristotles understanding of science is used here to explain why any attempt to create a scienti fic history would turn history into poetry.IAristotle claims that the art of dialectic sketched in the Topics contributes to philosophical knowledge because it can be used to find indemonstrable first principles from common opinions for, being capable of examining, dialectic has a path to the principles of all disciplines (B ) (I.2.101b3-4). Scientific knowledge of a causa consists of grasping its principles and demonstrating its essential attributes from them. How does one come to know the first principles? Obviously, they cannot be present from prior principles they are first principles. As such, they are somehow determined by dialectic. Thus, dialectic transforms what we can call, for lack of a better term, a subject matter into a science. What is the state of this subject matter before dialectic discovers its principles? It is clear from our Topics text that this examination will look for common opinions, and it is well recognise that Aristotles actual inquiries often begin f rom common opinions.(1) So the pre-scientific subject matter must contain common opinions about its facts. Aristotle has a name for such a setting out of facts in the Prior Analytics, he speaks of deriving the principles of each field from experience and he refers to the account of the phenomena of a field as a history () (46a17-27). Evidently, history precedes science, and transition is effected by dialectic. Aristotle has much to say about how knowledge is derived from sensation and experience, but he never explains how (or whether) his many remarks converge together into a single process.

Children & schools Essay -- essays research papers

Field die Paper          Observation     For my observation program, I was placed in the Progressive School of Long Island, located in Merrick. I was assigned to work with Kindergartners under the supervision of teachers Jennifer Frank and Sangeeta Patel. It was explained to me that the students at this school learn at their own pace, and that is what separates them from public school chelaren. They are usually ahead of children their age, however. For example, the Kindergartners I observe were learning from first grade math text books.      The schoolroom was uniquely set up. thither are no desks in the room, besides the teachers desk. Children sat at tables and chairs. Their books and supplies were kept in cubbys in the back of the room called, "Responsibility bins". For the most part, the teachers walked freely around the room instead of stationed at their desk. This is called an "open c lassroom". It was a style that was encouraged in the 1970s inside classrooms.       there were two large wooden lofts inside the room. Children can climb ladders and sit on top of them. There was also an art table in the back corner of the room. The art table contained paper, markers, glue, crayons, scissors and glitter. Children were encouraged to be creative while in this area. There was also a computer area. The children are able to use them freely. The games on the computer are educational and were made fun for the students. Decorations were hung all over the beleaguers as well. There were posters showing numbers and the alphabet, which the teachers and children go over each morning. There were also posters of shapes, animals and colors. In one corner there was a set of classroom rules for everyone to follow, including the teachers. Next to the rules was a "Superstar" chart. Each child has its own monthly chart. They are able to earn a star each day. However, if a child misbe take a craps, or breaks the rules, they lose their star for that day. For every eight stars a child earns, they get one big star on the "Superstar" chart. For every triple stars they earn on that chart, they receive a token prize. This is considered token reinforcement. The charts are sent home with each child every month. On another wall wa... ...educational or social lives, however. Children who are in that business mature incredibly fast. Children need time to socialize and have fun.      As for the child whose mother became tribulation with cancer, I would not know how to react to this situation with one of my students. I hope that the teachers understand and consider her situations before placing her in time out. I would necessitate to be fair. However, I know that she would need to be punished if she misbehaved. On the other hand, I would want to be easier with her due to her family circumstances.   &nb sp Overall I enjoyed notice at the Progressive School. It was a completely different experience from any public school I had seen. I honestly feel that the notes I have taken and the times I experienced inside the classroom will help me through teaching when I have my own class. I handle the styles of teaching that the teachers used. They acted more of the students friends than an authoritative figure. I learned so many ways to react to different circumstances. I agree with most of the ways that the teachers handled everything. I hope to teach in this type of environment in the future.

The Scopes Monkey Trial Essay -- Clarence Darrow, teaching evolution

Ever since science began to explain the previously unexplainable, it has caused conflicts with religion. The Scopes Monkey exam of Dayton, Tennessee was one of the most talked about trials in history because it was one of the first and most publicized times that this conflict occurred. The trial showed the schism between the near fundamentalists and the newly formed group of evolutionists. Although the jury was reminded that they only had to decide if Scopes had broken the law, the verdict was seen as much more than that. For one of the first times in history, it seemed as if the jury had to choose either religion or evolution. For the time being, there could not be both. The Scopes Monkey Trial revealed the ongoing conflict with organized religion and science and set a precedent for decades of conflict to come. The Roaring Twenties was a time period known for its innovation. Skirts got shorter, teens got bolder, and Prohibition was in full swing. These changes besides gave way to a time period full of religious conflict. In religious minds, Prohibition had always been about more than alcohol. It represented an effort to defend conventional American values against the growing influence of an urban, cosmopolitan culture (Gillon 152). Charles Darwin had published his book, The Evolution of Species, in 1859 and The Descent of Man in 1871, detailing the evolution of bit from ape-like creatures. When A Civic Biology, a biology textbook containing information on evolution, was published in 1914, teachers around the country began using it in their courses. By the twenties, these books had sparked altogether sorts of new ideas regarding the origin of man as well as opposition due to the creature from which he claimed we evolved and to the disagr... ... Remembering the Scopes Monkey Trial NPR. NPR National earth Radio News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts NPR. Web. 20 may 2010. .France, Mary. A Year of Monkey War The Anti-Evolution Campaign and the Florid a Legislature. The Florida Historical Quarterly 54.2 (1975) 156-77. JSTOR. Web. 19 may 2010.Gillon, Steven M. Scopes The Battle Over Americas Soul. Ten Days That Unexpectedly Changed America. New York Three Rivers, 2006. Print.Scopes, John. Reflections on the Scopes Trial by John Thomas Scopes. UMKC School of Law. Web. 19 May 2010. .The Scopes Trial Clarence Darrow. UMKC School of Law. Web. 20 May 2010. .

Discrimination :: Essays Papers

DiscriminationJanet Smith awoke early morning to prepare for her job interview at Britax Vision Systems. She started the coffeepot in the kitchen and returned to her bedroom to sort by means of her wardrobe. aft(prenominal) careful consideration, she decided on a navy blue pantsuit with white trim and matching dress shoes.After Janet had taken her shower, she dressed and went derriere to the kitchen to grab a bite to eat. Deciding on an English muffin, she sat down at the table to enjoy it along with her coffee. Janet finished her breakfast, brushed her teeth, and go on readying herself for the meeting.Once her morning ritual was complete, Janet got into her blue Escort and drove to Britax with the sound of Jimmy Buffet in her ears. Upon arrival, Janet parked her car in the client parking lot and turned off the ignition. Giving herself another look over in the mirror, along with a few words of encouragement, she headed towards the main building. After she had entered through the double glass doors, she approached a nearby desk. Behind the desk sat a young, light-brown haired woman. The nameplate on her desk read Ashley. Ashley was an attractive young woman with bright green look with blue speckles at the edges. She wore a cranberry vest along with a matching skirt that, to Janet, seemed much to short for an office job. After a few seconds of waiting, Ashley looked up at Janet questioningly.Hi, Im here for my interview. My name is Janet Smith and I have an eleven oclock appointment, she said confidently. The young girl opened a small leather book at the right edge of her desk and began scanning the pages. A moment later she returned her attention to Janet and instructed her to be lay across from the door to her left. There were five seats lined against the wall, each with black backing and gray upholstery. A man with dark hair and look sat farthest to the left. He wore gold-rimmed glasses that had slipped down his nose in the course of his reading. A Ti me magazine lay open on his lap. He scanned the pages slowly, although Janet suspected that he wasnt really reading at all, but rather trying to pass time.Janet chose the middle seat and placed her purse on the chair beside her. She began thinking about her family. Her husband Mark had just had his 34th birthday, making him two years older than she.

Discrimination :: Essays Papers

DiscriminationJanet Smith awoke early morning to prepare for her caper interview at Britax Vision Systems. She started the coffeepot in the kitchen and returned to her bedroom to sort through her wardrobe. After careful consideration, she decided on a navy blue pantsuit with uninfected trim and matching dress shoes.After Janet had taken her shower, she dressed and went back to the kitchen to grab a bite to eat. Deciding on an English muffin, she sat follow out at the table to enjoy it along with her coffee. Janet finished her breakfast, brushed her teeth, and continued readying herself for the meeting.Once her morning ritual was complete, Janet got into her blue Escort and drove to Britax with the hefty of Jimmy Buffet in her ears. Upon arrival, Janet parked her car in the guest parking lot and turned off the ignition. Giving herself another look everyplace in the mirror, along with a few words of encouragement, she headed towards the main building. After she had entered through the double glass doors, she approached a nearby desk. Behind the desk sat a young, light-brown haired woman. The nameplate on her desk read Ashley. Ashley was an attractive girl with bright green eyes with blue speckles at the frames. She wore a cranberry vest along with a matching put off that, to Janet, seemed much to short for an office job. After a few seconds of waiting, Ashley looked up at Janet questioningly.Hi, Im here for my interview. My name is Janet Smith and I curb an eleven oclock appointment, she said confidently. The young girl opened a small leather book at the right edge of her desk and began scanning the pages. A moment later she returned her attention to Janet and instructed her to be seated across from the door to her left. There were five seats lined against the wall, each with mordant backing and gray upholstery. A man with dark hair and eyes sat farthest to the left. He wore gold-rimmed glasses that had slipped down his nose in the phase of his reading. A Time magazine lay open on his lap. He scanned the pages slowly, although Janet suspected that he wasnt really reading at all, but rather trying to pass time.Janet chose the middle seat and placed her purse on the chair beside her. She began thinking about her family. Her husband Mark had just had his 34th birthday, do him two years older than she.

Managemen: a case study of wb engineering limited

The flexible nature of precaution of sm tout ensemble and medium scale unwaveringly has made the management style in this structure of governing body to be difficult. The structure and the size of imagings available to small and medium scale placements these stomach together with constituted a factor that makes the management styles in small firms to be at variance with what is obtainable in monstrous-scale schemes.In the view of Slatter (1992159) cited collins & Ram, 2003, managing fast growth in entrepreneurial firms is one of the most difficult challenges that exists. Owners often struggle to balance the flexibility required to keep pace with customers demands, with the perceptual constancy needed to provide employees with a sense of continuity and security. Hence management essentially comprises a careful balancing act between strong leaders and decentralized task-oriented management and processes involving makeupal glueyness and those promoting individual responsibi lity (collins & Ram, 2003).As a small and medium scaled firm expands and begin to transform into a large sized organization there is the need for such transformation to be commensurate to changes in management style that hitherto had world expert this need be done so that a lacuna would not be created and a lost of touch and proper control of the expanding mental imagerys. There is overly the need to be awoken to current trend in our everyday dynamic ancestry environment. The non-adherence to these comminuted and significant facts has rendered many well to do but poorly managed organizations to die a premature death.This write up would be looking at those factors that had imposed the difficulty our case study (WB engine room Limited) is short-lived through. WB engineering Limited is a small firm having the aim to develop into a medium scale firm. The coordination of the firms man resource portends an impending difficulty to the moving forward of the firm to its next develo pmental level. Adrian and Grey are both managers of the small firm. Adrians relocation to Spain from US where the assembly line located, kept Grey in a tight corner on how to effectively manage the firms resources.The immediate cause of the firms problem and recommended solutions on how to curtail this problem would be proffered.CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ORGANIZATIONThe term small is a relative one it is not absolute. The line separating small from large is in a continuum and an issue that is inevitably arbitrary. According to Odaka & Sawai (1999), small profession is a generic concept. Being the antonym of deep business, its social significance becomes clearer when placed in the historical context where the latter first appeared in the world economy. Bolton 1971, cited in Bannock (2005), he identified ternion characteristics in its economic definitions of a small firmA small grocery share, that is not large enough to influence national price or qualities (even though a village shop may be the only one, its prices cannot get too far out of line from those of major national retailers in the nearest town, even though people will pay something for local convenience)Managed in a personalized way the owner actively participates in all aspects of the business unlike in a large firm where the shareholders and management are commonly almost entirely separate.Independence or the exercise of supreme management responsibility. A small subsidiary of a large firm, which has a head office to report to, does not share these characteristics. The above characteristics are usually identified with vast majority of business, which are inherently small in size.The study of small firms revolves around it five major features which include 1 being 2 Survival. 3 Success 4 Take-off 5 Resource maturity. And these are regarded as the five stages in small business growth (Churchill & Lewis, 1983). These five stages go a long way to influence and det ermine the success that trails the small business historical growth.ADDUCED REASONS LEADING TO THE FALL OF WB ENGINNEERING LIMITEDTransition from a small or medium size of business organization to a large entity, it requires the need to restructure the organizational structure and likewise the organizational dodging should be enhanced to be in tune with the new status the organization is attaining. Managing a fast growing entrepreneurial firm as that of WB Engineering is a onerous task that requires adequate managerial dexterity in balancing the flexibility required to keep pace with customer demands, aboard with the stability needed to provide employees with a sense of continuity and security in the transitional organization.One way of doing this is through a strong leading in the organization that provides a key role in overcoming the confusion that usually accompanies growth and is necessary to build and maintain the cohesiveness of the organization. According to Collins & Ra m (2003), management essentially comprises a careful balancing act between strong leadership and decentralized task- oriented management and processes involving organizational cohesion and those promoting individual responsibility.Looking at the case study, WB Engineering Limited had missed the mark in a cohesive management of its expanding business and the leadership style adopted had being one of a centralized and undemocratic. The WB Engineering organization started well as a small entrepreneurial firm that adequately managed its resources and put in that individual- centralized managerial skill required at this stage of the business. But as the organization expands and transforms into a collect status integrating on a vertical level and diversification of resources and operations level, it then requires that at this developmental and transitional level in the organization that a cohesive maintenance of the organization is adopted through a strong leadership that exhibit a decen tralized and democratic leadership style.The focus here is that WB Engineering Limited failed to give room for experts trained in specific managerial skills to assist in managing the growth of the organization. This became visible when Adrian go to Spain, Gary felt totally abandoned and helpless. Assuming there is a decentralized structure in place, the absence of Adrain would not have constituted a self-aggrandizing effect.His absence would have being adequately covered. It thus invariably signifies that the management has being one that is centralized even in this assuming state of the magnification of the organization. This had helped in the collapse of the organization. The no cohesive management of the organization again is reflected in the disconnected and autonomous management of the specialised units within the fellowship as a group of satellites.The uncoordinated nature of the management of the organization shows the lapses in management style which is another factor t hat has contributed to the fall in WB Engineering Limited. The lapses in managerial style adopted by Gary and Adrain is the lack of consultation with specialist before embarking on projects and in like manner the lack of proper forecasting and query before venturing into a new business environment. Though, the WB Engineering Limited spent a whooping sum (2million pounds) in consulting professional and legal fees, this was done afterward the deal has being signed and as a way of restructuring the organization, after the acquisition of ESR, to be floated as a public organization.Assuming a little part of the sum had being spent in managerial consultancy and proper forecasting and research work, prior to the time the deal of acquiring ESR, this would have alter WB Engineering Limited to foresee the possibility of the acquisition as a dead trap, and an alternative measure would have being taking to void the impending consequences. It is seen that the management style of the WB Engi neering Limited had failed to grow out of its old shell and imbibe current management techniques and adopting strategical grooming for the transitional organization. As it is a noticeable fact, management style in small firms have been more on operational plan than strategic plan. epoch strategic plan is conceived as a written long-range plan, which includes both a corporate mission statement and a statement of organizational objectives maneuver planning on the other hand is defined as the setting of short-term objectives for specific functional field of forces such as finance, marketing, and personnel (Shrader, et al 1989). A strategic planning needs adequate forecasting and researching. The embarking on projects without proper forecasting and re searching on consequences and building alternatives plan had being the waterloo of WB Engineering Limited when it acquired ESR. According to Orpen, strategic planning benefits small firms by causing them to explore new alternatives f or increasing sales and improving their competitive advantages (ibid).The management of WB Engineering Limited failed to recognize the significance of business environment in influencing the outcome of business operation. The preference for racing car in the UK market is different from what is obtainable in the US market. First impression matters a lot. The first introduced model of racing car in ESR by WB Engineering Limited, with a lesser quality in comparison with its other produce had beclouded the mind of prospecting customer, even when a winning model was reengineered by the company best engineering hands little was done to safeguard the already battered image of the immerging firm (WBE-ESR organization) in US.Another factor that had contributed to the fall of WB Engineering Limited is the lack of concentrating all its resources directly at the operation it is having an upper hand. The organization had no specialized operation area it is thus nice Jack of all trade and master of none.Since the organization had cut an ace for itself in technical expertise and project engineering skill to mainstream automotive market, it ought to have concentrated its resources in consolidating its operation around this area, rather than dabbling into other areas like owning a car racing team, and other project that is unrelated to it core area of operation. Concentrating and being specialized in a function makes the organization the master in such operation, hence competitive advantage over its opponents, even in this modern dynamic business world.From the given extract of WB Engineering Limited historical antecedents, it is observed that the organization ha a poor benevolent relationship with its workers. They are not adequately informed and carried along in the organization scheme of operation. This is reflected where senior employees of the organization began to question the strategic direction of the organization. This shows that initially the senior employees were not partakers to the strategic planning. This also goes back to support the centralized and non consultative pattern which the management of the organization operates.The non involvement of workers especially the senior workers in the organization strategy planning, this had given them no sense of belonging in the organization, hence the lack of zeal to pursue the organizations objectives and goals. According to Marlow & Patton (1993), the effective management of employees is also emerging as a key variable in the survival of mall firms. The management of workers and non-consultation attitude of the management had contributed to the poor relationship of human resource in the organization with the management.CHANGES TO BE DONE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESSThe WB Engineering Limited need to adopt changes in shipway it operates and the organizational structure for it to improve on its effectiveness. The under listed are ways the organization can achieve its effec tiveness.First, there is a need that the organization restructures its management structure, which hitherto had been a centralized and undemocratic one. A decentralized organizational structure permits room for participation and workers contributing their innovative ideas in ways that would spur the organization ahead and make it compete vigorously with its rivals and attaining greater customer satisfaction.Thus, there is the need that the management of WB Engineering is decentralized, the strategic planning of the organization should not be left to only Adrain and Gary workers involvement would go a long way to effect a positive change in the organization. Also, the need to adopt a formal structure in the organization would also aid in bringing an effective management structure where individually worker knows who to report to and the responsibility expected of him. There is also the need for the organization to build a more beneficial relationship between the organizations human r esource and the management.Since the WB Engineering Limited is becoming vast in its operations, it should imbibe those strategic operations adopted by large organization thus there is the need to carry out a strategic human resource management. According to Bacon et al (1996), cited in Wagar (1998), small business managers are increasingly aware of new management ideas, and a number of organizations have implemented initiatives traditionally identified with large firm. Thus the strategic human resource management has to do with the organization using its human resource in jointly drawing out strategies on which the organization would operate on. In modern times firms were most likely to report sharing business information with employees and rapid change, keeping employees informed is important (Wagar, 1998).The WB Engineering Limited should do more to incorporate more effective forecasting and consultative research prior to embarking on projects. This would not only safe the organiz ation from engaging in wrong business and project deals, but also enable it know how to manage its resources in the most rewarding way.There is also the need for a well coordinated chain of the organizations satellites businesses. This should be synchronized toward achieving same goal. The different group of satellites and other operational areas of the WB Engineering conglomerate should be coordinated in a fashion to jointly work towards achieving the goal of the organization. As earlier stated, the organization should concentrate its resources in the area of technical expertise and project engineering which over the years had being its major profit maximizing venture.It is also suggested that the acquired ESR in U.S. since this has being the waterloo and the immediate cause of the impediment to the growth of WE Engineering Limited this should be made to enter into a strategic alliance with other thriving organization in the United States. Instead of a full merger, the organization resources and managerial know-how can form an alliance with other effective organization in strategizing a way of moving the organization through a symbiotic relationship. This will give the organization the ability to take advantage of the environment in which it operates.Lastly, it is suggested that in this ever dynamic contemporary business world, the organization should follow the trend of the time and adapt to modern management techniques such as strategic human resource management, Total Quality management (TQM), having competitive advantage through product differentiation. When these are adopted it would give the organization an edge over its rival and make the WB Engineering Limited regain its lost glory in the race car construction industry.REFRENCESBannock, Graham (2005), The Economic and focus of scummy Business An International Perspective. New York Routledge Publisher.Collins, L. & Ram, M. (2003), Managing the Entrepreneurial Firm Stream 9 Critical realist in Perspec tives on Entrepreneurial Organization and Discourses. June http//www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/ejrot/cmsconfrence/2003/proceedings/criticalrealist/collins.pdf (06/03/06)Neil C Churchhill and Lewis, V. L. (1983), the five dollar bill Stages of lesser business Growth. Harvard Business Review, 61, 2-11Shrader, C.B. et al (1989), Strategic and Operational Planning, Uncertainty and Performance in Small Firms in Journal of Small Business Management Vol. 27, No. 4Odaka, K. & Sawai, M. (1999), Small Firms, Large Concerns, The development of Small Business in Comparative Perspective. Oxford Oxford University Press. P1.Wagar, Terry H. 91998), Determinants of Human Resource management Practices in Small Firms Some evidences from Atlantic Canada in Journal of Small Business Management Vol.36, No.2.

The overview of Last In/First Out and First In/Last Ou

The overview of Last In/First issue and First In/Last Out is now completed for the understand and time of your prime(a) to discuss the bon ton matters. The information from last month is was completed at the end of the month and the present is kept current on a insouciant base as management needs to be up to date of the stocktaking and financial levels of the company.Reducing federal and state income corporate taxes are of the essence(p) as this may lease the company to see a decrease in expenses over the time. Looking at the expenses of the company and viewing the incomes of the employees will allow the company to make the decision as to Last In/First Out or First In/Last Out to save the company finances. Although looking at the inventory will allow the management to view the Last In/First Out and First In/Last Out as to the timing of the inventory growth.Using First In/Last Out will allow the company to still grow as the inventory increases and the company will still reali ze. Using Last In/First Out will allow the company to be at a protrude point and no increases are made. Understanding the decision that is made must be final, this information will be viewed and continued to be up to date for any financial issues that may arise before and after the meeting and decisions are made.By looking at the short and long term on Cost of Goods Sold this will allow you to make the judgment of the Last In/First Out and First In/Last Out and it shows the profit for the company in the past and allow you to predict the future. Good luck with your decision and I stand by you on the choice that is made.

Jan and Ken Case Study Essay

1. Using the chapters on language and emotions to help frame your answer, suggest two ways that peck could open this conversation much productively. For instance, clearly expressing his emotions and using I language. Ken could exact tried opening the conversation more productively by saying something like, Jan, do you have a few minutes? (This acknowledges to Jan that ken feels that her time is valuable), I would appreciate if we could talk about a problem that I am having. I imagine that Shannon is upset with me, and does not want to speak to me. I was wondering if you told Shannon about Katie and me (trying not to be accusatory, so that Jan will not become defensive),2. How do you grasp Jans effort to convince Ken to forgive her? Based on what you have learned in this chapter, suggest two ways she might more effectively seek Kens forgiveness. Jan attempt to get Ken to forgive her is full of defensiveness and self interest. Jan could more effectively seek and obtain Kens forgiv eness by acknowledging kens point of view. Jan would be more effective in seeking kens forgiveness if she did not seem to be so defensive, and she tried to see the situation from his perspective. Jan also needs to demonstrate that she has a desire to restore the well-being of their friendship. Jan repeated saying, Im sorry, okay? is not helping the situation at all. She needs to show some genuine remorse.3. The conversation so far seems to be inclose in a win-lose orientation to conflict. Each person wants to be right, to win at the expense of the other. How can Jan and Ken move their conflict discussion into a win-win orientation? Ken and Jan can move their conflict discussion to win-win orientation by identifying what they need out of this situation. They both have problem that need to be addressed. Kens problem is more recent and Jans issue seems to have been smoldering for a while. Ken needs to beable to

My Country

Our Country Our Country, the Union of Myanmar, is known as the land of golden pagodas. Myanmar is surrounded by good-looking countries interchangeable China in the northeastern and India and Bengladish to the west. Thailand and laos lie to the east of Myanmar and the south is the east of Myanmar and the south is the sea. Its ara is about 676553 squ atomic number 18 kilometers, and it is the second largest ground in Southeast Asia after Ind mavinsia. Although it is facilitate a developing country, we basis say it has good neighbours, great resources and beautiful natural surroundings.And, Myanmar is divided into seven states and seven divisions. at that place be althogether 135 ethnic groups, same(p) Kachin, Kayar, Kayin, Chin, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Palaung, Paoh and opposite races analogous Chinese and Indians, living in unity. Our country is situated near the Bay of Bengal, it has monsoon climate. It is colder in the north than in the south, and the central region i s dry. It has three separated seasons, the warm season, the rainy season and the cold season (winter). Each season lasts about four months.The hot season begins in February and ends in May. The rainy season is from June to September. The cold season starts in October and ends is January. The hot season is the intimately unfavourable season in our country as it is the well-nigh unpleasant conviction to live. It is reall(a)y hot, dry and dusty. The lakes and wells dry up in this season. Leaves fall from trees, making both(prenominal) trees b atomic number 18 with dry branches till the middle of the season. New buds come out after that and make them look pleasant thought.People have to cool themselves in various shipway using fans, air-cons, and travelling and staying in summer resorts like Pyin Oo Lwin and Kalaw. In spite of the annoying heat, there atomic number 18 festivals like Water feast, Kason water Sprinkling Festival and Pagoda Festival, which can release the citizen ry from the extreme weather. The Thingyan is one of the nearly enjoyable festivals in this season. After the hot season, it is the rainy season. In this season, it is very wet and some places are very muddy. The trees and leaves turn very green as their original colour returns when the dust is removed.Sometimes, it is very frightening because of the th beneath, lightning, storms and floods. But, farmers expect the rain to start suppuration paddy, and rainwater is essential for everyone to live. The next season to come is the cold season. It is quite pleasant and cold in some parts of our country. Flowers bloom beautifully under the mist and fruits and vegetables are abundant in this season. People take exercise and walk in the early morning to get fresh air. Sporting events like marathon, running and walking races are held throughout the world.Religious Lighting Festival, Tazaungdine too falls in this season and it is very delightful to see the surroundings with noisy lights. A fter enjoying the Christmas festival and hailing the new grade, our Independence Day tournaments which are also full of fun and merry-making arrive on the fourth of January. It is the best time of the year in our country as the weather is neither hot nor wet. Our country has four important rivers, called the Ayeyarwady, the Chinwin, the Thanlwin and the Sittaung. They are a great help in passage and make it possible to grow different kinds of crops.As our country is an agricultural country, we grow rice, and crops the whole year round, and export rice, beam, prawns and fishes. It is also full of mineral resources like Jade, sapphire, ruby, gold, silver and various kinds of metal. Myanmar pearl is also world famous for its quality. In the forests, we have abundant supply of teak, ironwood and other(a) kinds of hard wood. Myanmar woven attire and concerns like tapestries, lacquerwares, sculptures of various kinds of wood and other wares also reflect the culture of Myanmar stack. The national museum, Planetarium Yangon Zoological graden, Hlawga Wildlife park, Aquarium lakes, amusement parks, natural caves, waterfalls, bird sanctuaries, mountain resorts, summer resorts, various creeks and rivers and botanical gardens are the countless attraction of Myanmar, our country. However, as it was once a colony of the British and the Japanese the people were influenced by different missions of different religions So, there are some Christians, Hindus and Muslims. But, our country have independent since 1954. So, the other religions live together peacefully under the teachings f different religions So, one can see various sizes, styles and shapes of pagodas, images, monasteries, churches, temples and mosques everywhere in our country, Myanmar. The dandy of our country is Yangon and, Mandalay is the second largest city and the last capital of Myanmar kings. Naypyitaw is also the large and important city for our country. Bagan is the most famous places with thousands of pagodas. It is very attractive for all people because we can see most of the religious relics and buildings. It is also attractive for foreigners because it has ancient culture, arts and crafts.Bagan is situated on the east bank of the Ayeyarwady in central Myanmar. It is about 5 kilometers south of Nyaung Oo. Its area is about 16 square miles and it has a hot and dry climate. It was the capital of the Myanmar kingdom during the Bagan dynasty which was from 11th to 13th centuries. It became the centre of Buddhism after King Anawrahta attacked Thaton in 1057 and brought to Bagan the Buddhist monk, Shin Arahan, the sacred Pitakas and the sacred Pali language. Bagan has always been famous for its ancient pagodas and monuments and is know by the worlds travellers as one of the worlds wonders.The architecture and the artistry of the craftsmen show Myanmars wounderful achievement in arts and crafts. The lacquareware of Bagan is still very much in use, and stands as a traditional attract ion for all of us. There are also places of interest like the Bagan Archaeological Museum, the Myanmar handicraft shops and many other antique shops. Today, Bagan has become a tourist attraction because of its archeological sites and unspoilt beauty. It is such as attractive place for both natives and foreigners. The Shwedagon Pagoda is the most ancient historical pagoda in Myanmar.The history of the Shwedagon says that the Gotama Buddha gave eight hair relics to the two brothers, Taphussa and Ballika, who went to India as traders. They brought the relics to their hometown, Okkalapa, now known as Yangon. They gave the sacred relics to the king of Okkalapa. The king and the citizen create the first pagoda in Myanmar. This pagoda, known as the Shwedagon, enshrines not only the eight hair relics of Gotama Buddha but also the relics of Kakusam Buddha, Konagan Buddha and Kassapa Buddha. So, it is regarded as the most sacred pagoda. This pagoda was rebuilt and enlarged by later kings.The last person to rebuilt the pagoda to the present size and shape was Queen Shin Saw Pu. The pagoda is 326 feet tall and its circumference at the base is 1420 feet. Its festival is famous every year in the last month of the Myanmar calendar called Tabaung. It is celebrated for seven days culminating on the full-moon day of Tabaung. The Pagoda is c everywhereed with gold from top to bottom. It glitters in the sun-light like solid gold. It is well known not only in Myanmar but also in the whole world and many pilgrims from all over Myanmar as well as from abroad have visited the Shwedagon.There are also many other places of interest in Myanmar, our country. Inlay is one of the most beautiful places in Myanmar. Most of the people who live there are Shans, Pa-ohs, and Danus. They are hospitable and honest. Inlay is a big lake with floating islands. Various kinds of vegetables are grown there. Vegetables are fresh, cheap and plentiful. People in Inlay have a market day every five days. I t is very crowded with people selling and buying all kinds of goods, in moving boats. Their lives in boats are very interesting. There are only two places in the world where people row the boats with their legs.One is in Venice, Italy and the other is in Inlay. That is why Inlay is known as Venice of the east. As it is in Shan State, the weather is cool and pleasant. We can also enjoy ourselves by taking a motor boat ride on the lake. It is very exciting to feed the sea-gulls from a moving boat because they sometimes bite our fingers. The famous Phaung Daw Oo Pagoda is in Inlay so we can go on a pilgrimage there. Its festival is held in October and people from all over the country go there to pay homage to the images of Buddha. There are many beautiful and pleasant places which are worth visiting and visual perception in Myanmar.Pyin Oo Lwin is a hill station. It is 42 miles from Mandalays. The sight of the blue mountains and green valleys along the way is pleasant. It is a quiet to wn with beautiful gardens. The streets are unobjectionable and less crowded and there is hardly any noisy traffic except in the town centre. The atmosphere is peaceful and the climate is pleasant. It is refreshing to go for a walk in the early morning. It is cold during the winter months and cool in summer months. In the evening, the breeze often brings its sweet smell, and the air is clean. Fruits and vegetables are cheap and plentiful the whole year round.The main attraction of Pyin Oo Lwin is the famous National Kandawgyi Garden. There, we can see real natural beauty and different varieties of the most beautiful and colourful flowers in Myanmar. The Pwe Kauk water fall is the place where families have their meals enjoying the beautiful views. We can go on to visit the Maha Arnthtoo Kantha Pagoda and pay homage to the Buddha image. many a(prenominal) visitors take photographs at the Peit Chin Hmyaung Cave which is the pride and wonder of the town, Pyin Oo Lwin. The cool breeze a nd the beautiful landscape attract many holiday makers.Natural beaches like Ngapali, Ngwe Saung, Kan Thar Yar, Chaung Thar and Maungmakan are also natural unspoilt places where we can get perfect peace and relax ourselves. Myanmars are carefree and fun-loving people. So, there are many festivals in our country for the whole year round. Among them, the Thingyan Festival is the most famous and the years greatest event. It is also the most enjoyable festival in our country. The Thingyan tag the end of the old year and welcomes a new one. It usually last for three or four days. During the festival, people consecrate water on one another. It means washing away the impurities of the old year.People of different ages, young and old, take part in it. People set up pandals or stages and throw water and revellers who go round the city in open cars. Most of the revellers are teenagers and children get lots of fun, playing in the wet. Water-throwing, shouting and teasing are accepted as a nat ural process during Thingyan. People get into a forgiving mood and even mere strangers treat each other as long-lost brothers. No one seems to be angry for being wet. We can watch many stage shows and dance shows everywhere. It is not only a time for doing good things. Old people go to pagodas and monasteries to meditate or keep Sabbath.Young people wash the hair of the elders and cut their nails. Most people forfend doing bad things during this period. The whole country is alive with fun and activities. Thingyan is the festival in which we can get the greatest fun for the longest period. The Myanmar people are kind, hospital and generous. They are also simple, honest, helpful and friendly. In fact, they are peace-loving people. It has an international air-port and a beautiful port for ocean lines. It is also the gateway into Myanmar. We can be proud of our tradition and culture, and Myanmar is self sufficient. It also produces building materials such as wood and bamboo.There are also many scenic places and pleasant beaches which are very attractive for tourists. People in our country love, regarded by foreigners as helpful, smiling and even easy-going people mistakenly. In fact, Myanmar people are simple and loving. They are also hardworking. Although Myanmar is a developing country, there are a lot of natural resources that we havent explored and places of interest to be renovated and attract the tourists. With the improvement of new-fangled technology, we will be able to discover all these and apply for the all-round development of our country, Myanmar. Presented by, 2 GC 19 Ma Hnin Ei Khaing TU (HINTHATA)

Shadow Kiss Chapter 5

FiveMOST DISCIPLINARY ISSUES AT the Academy went to Headmistress Kirova. She oversaw Moroi and dhampirs equal and was known for her creative and oft-used repertoire of punishments. She wasnt cruel, exactly, provided she wasnt soft, either. She simply took student behavior seriously and dealt with it as she saw fit.thither were most issues, however, that were beyond her jurisdiction.The schools guardians calling unneurotic a disciplinary committee wasnt unheard of, only it was very, very r ar. You had to do close tothing pretty serious to piss them off to get that sort of response. Like, say, willfully endangering a Moroi. Or hypothetically willfully endangering a Moroi.For the last clipping, I growled, I didnt do it on purpose.I sat in one of the guardians meeting rooms, veneering my committee Alberta, Emil, and one of the other rare female guardians on campus, Celeste. They sat at a long table, run intoing imposing, while I sat in a single conduct and felt very vulnerable . Several other guardians were sitting in and watching, but thankfully, none of my classmates were there to see this humiliation. Dimitri was among the watchers. He was non on the committee, and I wondered if theyd kept him off because of his potentially biased role as my mentor.Miss Hathaway, verbalize Alberta, fully in her strict-captain mode, you must know wherefore we switch a hard time believing that.Celeste nodded. Guardian alto saw you. You refused to protect two Moroi including the one whose protection you were specifically assigned to.I didnt refuse I exclaimed. I fumbled.That wasnt a fumble, say Stan from the watchers. He glanced at Alberta for permission to speak. May I? She nodded, and he turned main(prenominal)stay to me. If youd blocked or attacked me and and then foul uped up, that would be a fumble. But you didnt block. You didnt attack. You didnt even try. You fitting stood there like a statue and did nothing.Understandably, I was outraged. The belief t hat I would purposely leave Christian and Brandon to be killed by a Strigoi was ridiculous. But what could I do? I either confessed to screwing up majorly or to having seen a ghost. Neither option was appealing, but I had to cut my losses. One made me look incompetent. The other made me look insane. I didnt want to be associated with either of those. I much favored my usual description of reckless and disruptive.Why am I getting in trouble for messing up? I asked tightly. I mean, I saw Ryan mess up earlier. He didnt get in trouble. Isnt that the point of this whole exercise? Practice? If we were perfect, youd already have unleashed us upon the worldWerent you listening? said Stan. I swore I could see a vein throbbing in his forehead. I think he was the only one there as upset as I was. At the very least, he was the only one (aside from me) showing his emotions. The others wore poker faces, but then, none of them had witnessed what had happened. If Id been in Stans place, I might ha ve thought the worst of me too. You didnt mess up, because messing up implies that you have to actually do something.Okay, then. I froze. I looked at him defiantly. Does that count as messing up? I cracked under the printing press and blanked out. It turns out I wasnt prepared. The moment came, and I panicked. It happens to novices all the time.To a novice who has already killed Strigoi? asked Emil. He was from Romania, his accent a bit thicker than Dimitris Russian one. It wasnt nearly as nice, though. It seems unlikely.I dealt out glares to him and everyone else in the room. Oh, I see. After one incident, Im now expected to be an expert Strigoi killer? I cant panic or be afraid or anything? Makes sense. Thanks, guys. Fair. Real fair. I slumped back in my seat, arms crossed over my chest. There was no need to fake bitchy defiance. I had plenty of it to dish out.Alberta sighed and leaned forward. Were arguing semantics. Technicalities arent the point here. Whats important is that t his morning, you made it very clear you did not want to guard Christian Ozera. In fact I think you even said you wanted us to be sure we knew that you were doing it once against your will and that wed soon see what a horrible idea it was. Ugh. I had said that. Honestly, what had I been thinking? And then, when your first test comes around, we find you completely and utterly unresponsive.I nearly flew out of my chair. Thats what this is nearly? You think I didnt protect him because of some kind of weird revenge thing?All three of them stared at me expectantly.You arent exactly known for calmly and gracefully accepting things you dont like, she replied wryly.This time, I did stand up, pointing my palpate at her accusingly. Not true. I have followed every rule Kirova laid set ashore for me since coming back here. Ive gone to every practice and obeyed every curfew. Well, Id fudged some of the curfews but not willfully. It had always been for the greater good. Theres no reason Id do this as some kind of revenge What good would it do? Sta Guardian Alto wasnt release to really hurt Christian, so its not like Id get to see him punched or anything. The only thing I would accomplish is getting dragged into the spirit of something like this and possibly facing removal from the field experience.You are facing removal from the field experience, replied Celeste flatly.Oh. I sat down, suddenly not feeling as bold. Silence hung in the room for several moments, and then I heard Dimitris phonation speak from behind me.She has a point, he said. My heart thumped loudly in my chest. Dimitri knew I wouldnt take revenge like that. He didnt think I was petty. If she were discharge to protest or take revenge, shed do it in a dissimilar way. Well, not too petty, at least.Celeste frowned. Yes, but after the scene she made this morningDimitri took a few steps forward and stood beside my chair. Having his solid presence close comforted me. I had a flash of d?j? vu, back to wh en Lissa and I had returned to the Academy last autumn. Headmistress Kirova had nearly expelled me, and Dimitri had stood up for me then too.This is all circumstantial, he said. Regardless of how suspicious you think it looks, theres no proof. Removing her from the experience and essentially ruining her graduation is a bit extreme without any certainties.The committee looked thoughtful, and I rivet my attention on Alberta. She had the most power here. Id always liked her, and in our time together, shed been strict but always scrupulously fair. I hoped that would still corroborate true. She beckoned Celeste and Emil toward her, and the other two guardians leaned closer. They had a whispered conference. Alberta gave a resigned nod, and the others leaned back.Miss Hathaway, do you have anything youd like to say before we tell you our conclusions?That Id like to say? Hell, yeah. There were tons of things. I wanted to say that I wasnt incompetent. I wanted to tell them that I was one of the best novices here. I wanted to tell them that I had seen Stan coming and had been on the verge of reacting. I especially wanted to tell them that I didnt want to have this mark on my record. Even if I stayed in the field experience, Id essentially have an F for this first test. It would affect my overall grade, which could subsequently affect my future.But again, what choice did I have? Tell them that Id seen a ghost? The ghost of a guy whod had a major crush on me and who had quite likely died because of that crush? I still didnt know what was going on with these sightings. One time I could write off to exhaustionbut Id seen him or it twice now. Was he real? My higher reasoning said no, but honestly, it didnt matter at the moment. If he was real and I told them, theyd think I was crazy. If he wasnt real and I told them, theyd think I was crazy and theyd be right. I couldnt win here.No, Guardian Petrov, I said, hoping I sounded meek. Nothing more to add.All right, she sai d wearily. Heres what weve decided. Youre lucky you have Guardian Belikov to advocate for you, or this finish might have been different. Were giving you the benefit of the doubt. Youll go on with the field experience and continue to guard Mr. Ozera. Youll in effect(p) be on a probation of sorts.Thats okay, I said. Id been on probation for most of my academic life. Thank you.And, she added. Uh-oh. Because the suspicion isnt entirely removed, youll be spending your mean solar day off this week doing community service.I jumped out of my chair again. What?Dimitris put across wrapped around my wrist, his fingers warm and controlling. Sit down, he murmured in my ear, tugging me toward the chair. Take what you can get.If thats a problem, we can make it next week too, warned Celeste. And the next five after that.I sat down and shook my head. Im sorry. Thank you.The hearing dispersed, and I was left feeling weary and beaten. Had only one day gone by? Surely the happy excitement Id felt before the field experience had been weeks ago and not this morning. Alberta told me to go find Christian, but Dimitri asked if he could have some time alone with me. She agreed, no doubt hoping hed set me on the straight and narrow.The room emptied, and I thought hed sit and talk to me then and there, but instead he walked over to a small table that held a piss dispenser, coffee, and other beverages.You want some hot chocolate? he asked.I hadnt expected that. Sure. He dumped four packets of instant hot chocolate into two Styrofoam cups and then added in hot water.Doubling it is the secret, he said when the cups were full.He handed me mine, along with a wooden stirrer, and then walked toward a side door. Presuming I was supposed to follow him, I scurried to catch up without spilling my hot chocolate.Where are we oh.I stepped through the doorway and found myself in a little glass-enclosed porch filled with small patio tables. Id had no idea this porch was adjacent to the meeting ro om, but then, this was the building the guardians conducted all campus business out of. Novices were rarely allowed. I also hadnt realized the building was built around a small courtyard, which was what this porch looked out to. In the summer, I imagined one could open the windows and be surrounded in greenery and warm air. Now, encased in glass and frost, I felt like I was in some kind of an ice palace.Dimitri swept his hand over a chair, brushing off dust. I did the like and sat down antonym him. Apparently this room didnt see a lot of use in the winter. Because it was enclosed, the room was warmer than outdoors, but it wasnt heated otherwise. The air felt chilly, and I warm up my hands on my cup. Silence fell between Dimitri and me. The only noise came from me blowing on my hot chocolate. He drank his right away. Hed been killing Strigoi for years. What was a little scalding water here and there?As we sat, and the quiet grew, I studied him over the edge of my cup. He wasnt loo king at me, but I knew he knew I was watching. Like every other time I looked at him, I was always struck by his looks first. The soft dark hair that he oftentimes tucked behind his ears without realizing it, hair that never quite wanted to stay in its tie at the back of his neck. His eyes were brown too, somehow promiscuous and fierce at the same time. His lips had that same contradictory quality, I realized. When he was fighting or dealing with something grim, those lips would flatten and turn hard. But in twinkle times when he laughed or kissedwell, then theyd become soft and wonderful.Today, more than his exterior hit me. I felt warm and safe full creation with him. He brought comfort after my terrible day. So often with other people, I felt a need to be the center of attention, to be preposterous and always have something clever to say. It was a habit I needed to shake to be a guardian, seeing as that job required so much silence. But with Dimitri, I never felt like I ha d to be anything more than what I already was. I didnt have to entertain him or think up jokes or even flirt. It was enough to adept be together, to be so completely comfortable in each others presence smoulder sexual tension aside that we lost all sense of self-consciousness. I exhaled and drank my cocoa.What happened out there? he asked at last, meeting my gaze. You didnt crack under the pressure.His voice was curious, not accusatory. He wasnt treating me as a student right now, I realized. He was regarding me as an equal. He simply wanted to know what was going on with me. There was no discipline or lecturing here.And that just made it all the worse when I had to lie to him.Of course it was, I told him, looking down into my cup. Unless you desire I really did let Stan attack Christian.No, he said. I dont believe that. I never did. I knew youd be unhappy when you found out around the assignments, but I never once doubted that youd do what youd have to for this. I knew you wo uldnt let your personal feelings get in the way of your duty.I looked up again and met his eyes, so full of faith and absolute confidence in me. I didnt. I was madStill am a little. But once I said Id do it, I meant it. And after spending some time with himwell, I dont hate him. I actually think hes good for Lissa, and he cares about her, so I cant get upset about that. He and I just clash sometimes, thats all but we did really well together against the Strigoi. I remembered that while I was with him today, and arguing against this assignment just seemed stupid. So I decided to do the best job I could. I hadnt meant to talk so much, but it felt good to let out what was inside of me, and the look on Dimitris face would have gotten me to say anything. Almost anything.What happened then? he asked. With Stan? I averted my eyes and played with my cup again. I hated keeping things from him, but I couldnt tell him about this. In the human world, vampires and dhampirs were creatures of myth and legend bedtime stories to frighten away children. Humans didnt know we were real and walking the earth. But just because we were real didnt mean that every other story-time paranormal creature was. We knew that and had our own myths and bedtime stories about things we didnt believe in. Werewolves. Bogeymen. Ghosts.Ghosts played no real role in our culture, short of being fodder for pranks and campfire tales. Ghosts inevitably came up on Halloween, and some legends endured over the years. But in real life? No ghosts. If you came back after death, it was because you were a Strigoi.At least, thats what Id always been taught. I honestly didnt know enough now to say what was going on. Me imagining Mason seemed more likely than him being a true ghost, but man, that meant I might seriously be heading into crazy territory. All this time Id worried about Lissa losing it. Who had known it might be me?Dimitri was still watching me, waiting for an answer.I dont know what happened out the re. My intentions were good I just I just messed up.Rose. Youre a terrible liar.I glanced up. No, Im not. Ive told a lot of good lies in my life. People have believed them.He smiled slightly. Im sure. But it doesnt work with me. For one thing, you wont look me in the eye. As for the other I dont know. I can just tell.Damn. He could tell. He just knew me that well. I stood up and moved to the door, keeping my back to him. Normally, I treasured every minute with him, but I couldnt stick around today. I hated lying, but I didnt want to tell the right either. I had to leave.Look, I appreciate you being worried about mebut really, its okay. I just messed up. Im embarrassed about it and sorry I put your frightful training to shame but Ill rebound. Next time, Stans ass is mine.I hadnt even heard him get up, but suddenly, Dimitri was right behind me. He placed a hand on my shoulder, and I froze in front of the door leading out. He didnt touch me anywhere else. He didnt try to pull me closer. But, oh, that one hand on my shoulder held all the power in the world.Rose, he said, and I knew he was no longer smiling. I dont know why youre lying, but I know you wouldnt do it without a good reason. And if theres something wrong something youre afraid to tell the others I spun around rapidly, somehow managing to pivot in place in much(prenominal) a way that his hand never moved yet ended up on my other shoulder.Im not afraid, I cried. I do have my reasons, and believe me, what happened with Stan was nothing. Really. All of this is just something stupid that got blown out of proportion. Dont feel sorry for me or feel like you have to do anything. What happened sucks, but Ill just roll with it and take the black mark. Ill take care of everything. Ill take care of me. It took all of my strength just then not to shake. How had this day gotten so nonconcentric and out of control?Dimitri didnt say anything. He just looked down at me, and the expression on his face was one Id never seen before. I couldnt interpret it. Was he mad? Disapproving? I just couldnt tell. The fingers on my shoulder tightened slightly and then relaxed.You dont have to do this alone, he said at last. He sounded nearly wistful, which made no sense. He was the one whod been telling me for so long that I needed to be strong. I wanted to throw myself into his arms just then, but I knew I couldnt.I couldnt help a smile. You say thatbut tell me the truth. Do you go running to others when you have problems?Thats the not the same Answer the question, comrade.Dont call me that.And dont avoid the question either.No, he said. I try to deal with my problems on my own.I slipped away from his hand. See?But you have a lot of people in your life you can trust, people who care about you. That changes things.I looked at him in surprise. You dont have people who care about you?He frowned, obviously rethinking his words. Well, Ive always had good people in my lifeand there have been people who cared about me. But that doesnt necessarily mean I could trust them or tell them everything.I was often so distracted by the weirdness of our relationship that I rarely thought about Dimitri as someone with a life away from me. He was maintained by everyone on campus. Teachers and students alike knew him as one of the deadliest guardians here. Whenever we ran into guardians from outside the school, they always seemed to know and respect him too. But I couldnt recall ever having seen him in any sort of social setting. He didnt appear to have any close friends among the other guardians just coworkers he liked. The friendliest Id ever seen him get with someone had been when Christians aunt, Tasha Ozera, shoot the breezeed. Theyd known each other for a long time, but even that hadnt been enough for Dimitri to pursue once her visit was over.Dimitri was alone an awful lot, I realized, content to hole up with his cowboy novels when not working. I felt alone a lot, but in truth, I was al most always surrounded by people. With him being my teacher, I tended to view things as one-sided He was the one always giving me something, be it advice or instruction. But I gave him something too, something harder to define a connection with another person.Do you trust me? I asked him.The hesitation was brief. Yes.Then trust me now, and dont worry about me just this once.I stepped away, out of the reach of his arm, and he didnt say anything more or try to stop me. Cutting through the room that Id had the hearing in, I headed for the buildings main exit, tossing the remnants of my hot chocolate in a garbage can as I walked past.

Safety System in Aviation

Air function has evolved to become one of the most normally employ modes of transport in the world. Different people have had different experiences some positive others unpleasant, even fatal. Although becalm regarded, albeit statistically, as the safest mode of transport, several tune virgules some with very high levels of fatalities have been witnessed. It has been a norm to rigorously analyse any airline accident so as to understand its voltage cause and to prevent approaching confusable occurrences.As noted by Taneja, (2002), the Boeing company reports that, with a statistic of 56%, the most common cause of air travel accidents involving commercial jet fleet is outflow conclave related, seconded by mechanical faults of the air categorical at 17%, weather 13%, undetermined 6%, aliment 4% and faults of the airport or air traffic manoeuvers 4%. At around 9. 16 Eastern Ameri underside Standard Time on the 12th, November 2001 an American Airlines escape 587 Airbus A300-60 0 crashed into a residential area of Belle Harbour in New York City. This occurred minutes after takeoff from the John F. Kennedy (JFK) multinational Airport. The aircraft had left for Santo Domingos Las Americas International Airport. The accident killed all the 251 passengers, the 2 crew members and the 7 flight attendants on board and an additional five people on the ground. The tied(p) was to a fault soberly damaged as a result of post crash fire. This aircraft crash occurred just cardinal months after the New York Citys terrorist attacks, in which coincidentally, cardinal American Airline planes had been involved and only 12 miles from the location of the New York terrorist attack site.The impact of the crash particularly elicited fear and suspicion from the American people who suspected potential terrorists attack. Aircraft details To better apply an analysis, it is imperative to understand the aircraft particularisedations. As released by the American Airline, the pla ne was an Airbus Industry, A300-600R manufactured in France with the alteration (Tail number) N14053. The plane had a capacity of 251 seats all of which were occupied at the date of crash with a crew of 2 pilots and 9 flight attendants.The plane was powered by General Electronic Turbofan Engines (Two in number) and had had the latest maintenance check on the day preceding the crash (on the 11th, November, 2001. ) The flight also operated under the provisions of code 14 part 121 of the American Federal Governments regulations and had an instrument flight rules fight plans, Air Safe, (2008). The Accident The content Transport Safety Board, (NTSB), the prescribed investigators into the crash estimates that the time between the flights liftoff from the runaway in JFK international airport and ground impact was 103 seconds. case Transport Safety Boards investigations indicate that, the aircraft crashed as a result of its rudder and vertical stabilizer separation from the airframe dur ing flight. It asserts that following the departure of a Nipponese Airlines Boeing 747 just minutes ahead of the Airbus (the charge Data Recorder indicated that the flight was about 105 seconds from the Japanese Airlines 747, NTSB, 2008), the plane experienced two instances of upthrust due to vortex encounter. The two planes had a separation of five miles at the time of the encounter.The vertical fin and one of the two engines of the aircraft had broken up landing away from the main impact site. The rudder and the vertical stabilizer were recovered at the Jamaican Bay, approximately one kilometre from the location of the main plane wreckage, while one of the planes engines, which also separated was recovered at a distance, several blocks from the main wreckage. Reports by NSTB indicates that following the effects of the big aircrafts (Japanese Airlines Boeing 747) motion, the area in which the Airbus took off was of very turbulent air.As the first officer tried to maintain the p lane in an upright baffle by implementing aggressive rudder inputs, the turbulent air compromised the crafts vertical stability making it to entirely snap. This made the aircraft to overt bind and subsequently crash. The official cause of the accident as reported by the NTSB, therefore, was the excessive use of rudder to counter wake turbulence by the first officer, Condit, (2003).With the official cause of the accident established, the aircraft manufacturer, air control pilots and the airline had a share of shortcomings that resulted into the crash. The American authorities through the NTSB have stated that the Airbus model that crashed had an oversensitive rudder control dust. The amount of ruder control witnessed from the selective information retrieved from the Flight Data recorder had resulted from increased pressure on the rudder pedals of the aircraft which were perilous owing to the speed of the aircraft at that time.The plane manufacturer, Airbus however, blamed the Ai rline citing deficiency in pilot training based on the fact that the pilots lacked adequate information on the characteristics of the rudder and assumed that the aircraft tail could withstand rudder deflections in either delegation at high maneuvering speed, CNN, (2002). Other investigators suspected the accident as having occurred as a result of engine misadventure. The NSTB conclusion was based on the retrievals of the flight data recorder FDR from the ill fated plane. The FDR had recorded large ruder multidirectional movements signifying intense turbulence.According to Air Safe, (2008), there were two probable causes of the air crash the flight crew inappropriate action on the rudder and the rudder system malfunctioning. During the investigation, the NTSB started by evaluating the accelerations preceding the crash, angular motions, cockpit displays, visual cues and flight control motions based on simulations of what could have occurred during the accident. This was followed by the rating of the probable flight control characteristics as certain inherent factors much(prenominal) as pilot perception and performance could have contributed to the crash.Tran,& Hernandez (2004) further ascertain that as part of the investigation undertaken by the National Transport Safety board (NSTB) in collaboration with NASA Ames Research Centre, onto the American Airlines Flight 587 crash, Vertical Motion Stimulators were used to in creating simulations of the original accident. The process involved evaluation of the possible acceleration experiences during the accident by back-driving the retrieved cockpit control displays, out of the window scene, cockpit communications and both the Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice recorder retrievals.System Safety From the synopsis, it is imperative to note that there were full rudder deflections on both sides which made the plane to loose its balance leading to the crash. Although most transport sheets are equipped with rudder limiter systems to limit deflections at high airspeed and the possibilities of structural overloads, the limiters should be a precaution tint as they limit the pilots perception especially when the structural capabilities of an aircraft are constrained.A full deflection on one side followed by a similar deflection on the other side on an aircraft with rudder limiter systems may be an indication of structural loads far exceptional the capability of the aircraft Air Safe, (2008). Noteworthy, all systems have documented problem areas which often leads to severe malfunctioning, some of which are fatal. Some of the system safety problem areas overwhelm Standardization, risk assessment codes, software in use, human factors, the life cycle of a system, communication between stakeholders and the availability of data.Lack of Standardization could have been a potential cause of the Flight 578 crash. Lacking safety standard regulations could have led to the overlook of certain critical sa fety issues leading to the crash. The Airbus rudder was also not standardized. Standardization in the aeroplane part manufacture is lack as different aircraft manufactures design the rudders for specific aeroplanes. The Planes rudders were oversensitive, making the first attendant to apply spare pressure on the control leading to the crash.Had the rudders been standardized, the pilots even with minimal training could have known the appropriate measures to counter the turbulence, Tran, & Hernandez, (2004). Undoubtedly, the turbulence resulting from the preceding Japanese Airlines flight contributed to the fatal crash. This implies that probably the severity of such effects had not been correctly analysed during risk assessment. If they had been, then its effects had not been by rights estimated. To avoid future accidents, stakeholders in the gentle wind industry should develop effective time separation between flights taking off and those leaving the airport.This can be made poss ible via the carrying out of valid and reliable Risk Assessment Codes built upon valid data with the involvement of all the major stakeholders so as to minimize errors. Reports by the American Airlines indicate that the plane had been maintained a day prior to the crash. All airplanes should be straightlacedly checked using the MIL STD Standard 882 before world operational and using MORT to investigate, the operational cycle of the system. The complexity of an aviation system may make determination of errors elusive. Proper and consistent maintenance are a key to ensuring aviation safety and minimization of aviation accidents.The plane could have as well crashed as a result of engine failure or electric fault, an indication that proper maintenance was not undertaken prior to the flight. Human factors are the largest contributor to civil aviation accidents. It is reported that human error are the cause of 70-80% of all aviation accidents, (Taneja, 2002), 56% Boeing (2000). These f actors include inadequate crew resource management, distraction of the cockpit, cockpit indiscipline, fatigue and communication errors. The American Airlines Flight 587, primarily crashed as a result of misjudgement of the first attendant.It is therefore important to understand human factors in aircraft accidents for effective accident prevention, Taneja, (2002). Noteworthy, the extent to which human error leads to aviation accidents is still not properly understood. Proper understanding of human factors would enable safety investigators and implementers to offer recommendations and intervening strategies that could prevent future accidents. Some of the important errors resulting from human failure include poor distance estimation, non adherence to instructions and perfunctory manner of operation.Flight 587 crashed mainly due to the first assistants overestimation of turbulence and the subsequent improper use of the rudders, Tran, & Hernandez, (2004). As a safety precaution, airline designers and manufactures should mark off that critical aspects such as effects of turbulence, critical distances, clearances and speeds are properly indicated on the system so as not to leave such important aspects to human intuition or guess. Instructions on the use of discordant components of an aircraft should also be short, clear and to the point as most people rarely read labels or instructions, critical to both the systems and their personalized safety.Furthermore, most technical personnel such as Flight engineers, aeronautical engineers, the flight control personnel and even system safety engineers and managers are lacking in system safety education and training. Proper education and training should be given to these personnel to minimize the possibilities of any future accidents. Although the crash of flight 587 is primarily attributable to human error, other factors owing to improperly managed systems could have been the cause of the accident.Consistent and well formu lated system identification and analysis would surely lead to improved aeroplane safety thereby minimizing aviation accidents. Ignoring accidents and aviation strategies would lead to accidents with repeated faults as commonly experienced, Condit, (2003). Ensuring safety of any airplane should be a step by step undertaking. Safety requirements should be adhered to from the time of conception until disposal. The life cycle of an airplane like any other system can be divided into five phases the concept design, production, operations and the disposal phase.Safety precautions are critical in every stage to ensure safety and minimize financial losses. At the concept phase a critical phase in the life cycle of an airplane, guided by the general and the specific objectives, a detailed description of the product detailing all the necessary requirements should be documented. former Hazard List (PHL) which assists in the assessment of possible hazards, time needed to develop the plane and all the necessary requirements for the success of the project should be applied during this stage. The design phase is key to the success of any airplane in terms of security and safety.All safety requirements and the governmental regulations should be adhered to. The design should be logical leading to the development of specific plans, drawings and specifications. At this stage, the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), Subsystem Hazard Analysis PHA, System Hazard Analysis (SHA) and Operational Hazard Analysis (OHA) should all be undertaken to ensure the implementation of proper designs. All these analysis would ensure proper identification of hazards not detected at the conception phase and additionally offer recommendations on possible control mechanisms of these hazards. All safety regulation pertaining to proper development of the end product should be adhered to minimize aviation accidents in the production phase. During this stage both the in operation(p) System Analysis (OHA) and the Change Analysis are initiated. These serve to analyze potential threats during the operation of the system. At the operations phase critical safety requirements such as regular maintenance and checkups should be adhered to. This is to determine and correct any faults that would compromise the operation of an aircraft.Accident Analysis and change analysis should all be considered to minimize the possibilities of any aeroplane system malfunctioning. The disposal phase is an equally important phase. GAO, (2007), notes that most aeroplane owners, both individuals and companies, fail to know when to dispose of wearied out or malfunctioned aircraft. This has led to an increment in aeroplane disasters especially in the developing world, as worn out aeroplanes are still in use. OHA would aid in the determination of proper life cycle of the aircraft thereby assisting in the determination of when to properly dispose off the aircraft.To reduce the number of aviation accidents experie nced, hazards must be identified and level of safety improved. Governments and airline industry officials must be proactive by anticipating possible accident causes rather than play off to aviation accidents which are in most cases, quite devastating. Proper guidance coupled with research and instructional materials on cases of aviation accidents should be provided to the pilots and aviation professionals so as to minimize the possibilities of recurrence of such incidents.Proper and continued maintenance of the aircraft by the use of system safety products the SSPP, PHL, PHA, HTL, SSHA, SHA, OHA and CAR through all the five stages of its life cycle could have possibly prevented the occurrence of this particular accident. Furthermore, adoption of risk assessment methodologies into the operations of the airline could have set standards that would have particular(a) the possibility of the accident occurring. Furthermore, the data problem can be overcome via the consultations of and a ccess to information in aviation data banks where past aviation accidents records can be accessed.Though speculative, Flight 587 accident could also be attributed to ignorance of similar prior experiences. A critical study and implementation of accident analysis reports of similar occurrences would have been handy in preventing the accident. The implementation of the recommendations of accidents Analysis reports could further offer insight into the real cause of the accident causing the prevention of any future accidents. The execution of fault tree analysis during the maintenance of the American Airline involved in the accident could have possibly reduced the chances of the accident occurring.This is because prison-breaking tree analysis through the application of deductive logic, analyses possible system faults starting from the major ones down to the minor ones. , Its prediction of occurrence of basic. Conditional, undeveloped, external and intermediate events are very importan t as it identifies fault causes, evaluates effects, evaluates further threats, assists in decision making Aviation accidents are inherently dangerous and unforgiving. Well balance safety systems, prevention programs and intervention strategies should be implemented to prevent further aviation accidents.All airlines should adopt a System safety program by planning to initiate the program, establishing primary system safety tasks to conduct the program and initiating support tasks to maintain the program. Those who have initiated and conducted the program should seek to maintain the program to ensure that airplanes system safety is not compromised. These programs seek to protect airplanes from accidents as they ensure potential threats or hazards identification, leading to an in-depth analysis of such threats and further development of hazard control.

A look at Starbucks’ marketing strategy Essay

We take hold no patent on anything we do and anything we do can be copied by anyone else. only you cant copy the heart and the soul and the conscience of the community Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks Coffee.This quote from Schultz could be the magic that has separated Starbucks from the e genuinely other coffee cheat an attitude of merchandise which is inspired by the companys commitment. The successful marketing strategies which Starbucks employs are definitely of interest to anyone interested in seam marketing can learn more or less. Serving coffee is a common part of any restaurant business, save a successful marketing shuffle will cause a common product to become uncommon and unique to the consumer.A marketing strategy for a company requires commitment from the company with all departments and employees working together towards the same goal. This should be a philosophy which is applied to the entire organization, not simply an idea that is applied to the marketing de partment. The twain main functions of the marketing strategy are to identify the target market, and develop a successful marketing cockle for that target market. Within the marketing mix are four essential components product, place, promotion, and price. Starbucks Coffee Company has developed a marketing mix which has proven to be exceptionally successful for over 40 years.Starbucks opened in 1971 by owners who developed a passion for dark roast coffee, and that was basically the main product that was sold in the stores. After about a decade of selling coffee beans, the owners allowed Howard Schultz to join the company as the firms Director of Retail Operations and Marketing.While on a trip to Italy, Schultz came across the Italian coffee culture which intrigued his interest a caf where people would gather, socialize and spend time in leisure. Schultz believed this coffee culture could be replicated in the United States serving the Starbucks inciter of dark roasted coffee and add ing espresso drinks to the menu.This concept was rejected by the founders of Starbucks, and eventuallySchultz bought the company, and proceeded to build it into the largest retail coffee shop chain in the world. The product line of coffee was expanded to include espresso drinks such as lattes and cappuccinos and as the company grew, the drink choices also grew to meet the consumers needs.Starbucks is known for having store locations everywhere in the world even to the point of shops across the street from one another. Beginning in neighborhoods or in artless areas, and expanding to high traffic areas such as New York City a Starbucks Coffee Shop may be found in or very near any city in the United States.Within the place of the marketing mix, one analyzes the type of stores as important as the location. The majority of Americans have two main places where time is spent, either at work or at home. With Schultzs vision of the coffee shops that inspire the customers to consider Starbu cks his or her triad place, all of the shops have the brand of ease and comfort. Designed to be cozy and comfortable, the store decor of every shop is similar, if not identical regretful easy chairs and sofas, tables for customers to gather at, high top counters with plenty of electrical outlets for those who take advantage of the free internet, and music playing which adds to the ambiance. Some locations actually have a burning fireplace to warm the atmosphere during the winter months.It is very rare for one to see a promotional advertisement for Starbucks Coffee in a magazine, newspaper, billboard, television commercial, or any other typical advertising campaign. Starbucks used the marketing strategy of word-of-mouth advertising allowing the high quality of products and the legendary servicing promote the brand. This tactic has played a huge part in making Starbucks Coffee Company a success.The front line Barista (coffee artist) has been trained not only to prepare specialty co ffee drinks, but to include the art of providing legendary service to the customer. This strategy includes promotion of personalized service by information customers names, specific drink preferences, customers occupations, and often personal information concerning the customers familyand life events.In the beginning, the companys agency statement was To establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles as we grow. Now, Starbucks has added to the mission statement To inspire and prolong the human spirit One person, One cup, and One Neighborhood at a time. With all employees working with the companys mission in mind, the brand is promoted on a daily basis.In no way, shape, or form has Starbucks offered a competitive pricing for the products sold in the stores. One may consider the experience of the Starbucks brand to be included in the price of the products. As stated above, with all front line Baristas w orking with the companys mission statement as a guideline, the consumer is purchasing a cup of coffee with the experience of personalized legendary service.While the descriptions of Starbucks Coffee Companys marketing mix did not include the target marketing objective, Starbucks target market includes anyone who is willing to pay a premium price for the Starbucks Experience. This decision was made with grand strategic planning, and with the knowledge that using a unique marketing program such as this was a huge risk in being successful.A good summary about the marketing success of Starbucks is this quote by Howard Schultz, CEO of StarbucksWe establish the value of buying a product at Starbucks by our uncompromising quality and by building a personal relationship with each customer.The marketing mix that Starbucks Coffee Company developed is unique, unconventional, somewhat risky, but most importantly, extremely successful for over 40 years.

Aunt Alexandra in “To Kill A Mockingbird” by Harper Lee Essay

aunty Alexandra comes to the Finch residence at the end of chapter twelve, declaring that the family decided that it would be best for Scout and Jem to have some feminine influence in their lives. Scout knows that Alexander usually dictates what she wants upon the family, and uses the term the family decided to make her an even greater point of pronouncement in the Finch family. Usually her dictations give her chances to impress her views on others or increase the family name and work towards the prototype family that she envisions. Examples of her tyranny include the time she made Atticus attempt to impress on the children the incidents of life and how she constrained herself upon Atticus and the children (dictating that she should move in with in them). aunty Alexandra makes refreshments for the Missionary Society. These refreshments she makes herself rather than getting Calpurnia to make them peradventure this is attempt to prove herself superior to nigh everybody else while also adding to her reputation of a good hostess. As well as making refreshments for the missionary society Aunt Alexandra joined the Maycomb Amanuensis Club and became the secretary. Aunt Alexandra is slightly hypocritical because as an incurable gossip she has no problem making down well-nigh every ace in Maycomb but couldnt hear a word against herself or the rest of the Finch family. She also said that almost everyone in Maycomb had a streak but when Atticus pointed out that the Finches had an incestuous streak she completely denied it.Aunt Alexandra has many good and bad qualities most concern the maturation and upbringing of the children. Good qualities include the fact she wants the best for Jem, Scout and the rest of the family, she will uphold any moral (page 146), she had plenty of pride in her family and she constantly tries to improve herself (page 147). However she has a lot of bad qualities she is dictative, she is prejudice and she believes Finches are of a higher(pren ominal) class to almost all others.Aunt Alexandra is a major character in the story because of she is one of the only points of authority and the greatest feminine influence for Scout and Jem. Despite her faults she does what she believes is best for the childrenand community.SourcesTo Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee

Friendship Essay

What Makes a Good Friend? Friendships argon vital to a persons life. Although, plenty deport whole tone requirements that they look for in the thoroughgoing(a) booster rocket. There really isnt the one perfect agonist out there that e actuallyone is looking for. They come in all shapes and sizes and each and everyone of them throw off a different personality with their own faults and imperfections. They are people we associate to having a well-grounded time with and, or creation sad with. But what makes a true good agonist? Qualities that make a good friend are allegiantty, trust, and reliableness.A character reference that makes a good friend is their degree of loyalty to you. A loyal friend forget want to be around you. They will make an effort to be with you, and calls you to state hello when you cant be together. For instance, if your friend is meeting oppositewise people at the word-painting theater, they will call and invite you to go along as well. If you go a way for a vacation, your friend will announce you how often they are excited for you to return home. A loyal friend will pull their own weight in your relationship.Leaving everything up to one person in a association isnt fair. They will help you plan times when you will get together, or events so other people can join as well. They will contribute to sharing phone calls between the twain of you, instead of making you do all the calling. Another attribute that makes a friend loyal is a possible under viewpointing of an event you have gone through. Having a friend that relates to events in your life is very comforting because they know how you feel or had felt.For example, if you lost a grandparent that was very close to you and your friend did as well, they can relate to your feelings which will make them feel more attached and loyal to you, and you to them. Another quality make up in a good friend is their reliability. A character of a reliable friend is how honest they are w ith you. If they are completely honest with you, then you can count on them in the future. Honesty is a key quality in a true friendship. A reliable friend keeps their promises.They do what they discover you they were going to do instead of doing something else. For example, when they tell you that they are going home and that they wear thint want to hang out, they actually go home instead of going out with other friends. Another trait of a reliable friend is how encouraging they are for you. When you doubt yourself about your superlative dreams, they encourage you not to stimulate up on them and remind you that you can do anything you want to. They tell you to shoot for the skies, and that the sky is the limit to what you are able to do in your life.They remind you of who you are and what you stand for when you forget, or when you are going through a rough time. They continuously let you know that you are special in their life and that they would miss you if you werent in it. A very important quality to look for in a friend is trust. Some people can seem very current but turn out not to be as you get to know them. A authorized friend tells you just about anything. If they trust you, they will confide in you their deepest secrets.For example, they will tell you who they have a crush on, or possibly dangerous things that you might be able to help them with much(prenominal) as substance addictions or other fatal problems. A trustworthy friend will tell you about relationship problems and ask advice that they wouldnt with their parents or even another friend. They might even give you relationship advice if you need it. In other words, if your friend is in an abusive relationship, they would share as much as they wanted with you and possibly ask your advise about what they should do even if it is hard to hear.Another trait that makes a trustworthy friend compassionate they are. If your friend does something to hurt you, they own up to it and apologize. With all of this being said, a true friend is someone to count on in times of need, someone to have a good time with whenever, and someone to talk to about absolutely anything without being judged or misunderstood. Loyalty, trust, and reliability are three major qualities to look for in a true friend. Once you have found that one perfect friend for yourself, they will be around forever and always have your back.

General Management Theories

General Management Theories There argon quartet general management theories. 1. Frederick Taylor possibility of scientific Management. 2. Henri Fayol administrative Management Theory. 3. guck Weber Bureaucratic Theory of Management. 4. Elton Mayo Behavioral Theory of Management (Hawthorne Effect). 1. Frederick Taylors Theory of Scientific Management. Taylors theory of scientific management aimed at, improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. Taylor had a simple view about, what motivated plurality at work, money.He felt that, workers should get a, fair days pay for a fair days work, and that pay, should be linked to the gist produced. Therefore he introduced the, DIFFERENTIAL PIECE RATE SYSTEM, of paying wages to the workers. Taylors Differential flip pose Plan. If Efficiency is greater than the defined Standard then workers should be paid 120 % of Normal Piece Rate. If Efficiency is less than standard then workers should be paid 80% of Normal Piece Rat e. Principles of Scientific Management. Four Principles of Scientific Management are 1. Time and motion study Study the way jobs are performed and find forward-looking ways to do them. 2.Teach, train and develop the workman with improved methods of doing work. Codify the new methods into rules. 3. Interest of employer employees should be fully harmonized so as to secure mutually understanding dealing amidst them. 4. Establish fair levels of performance and pay a premium for higher performance. 2. Henri Fayols Administrative Management Theory Henri Fayol known as the Father Of Management laid down the 14 principles of Management. 1. plane section of Work. 2. Equity. 3. Discipline. 4. Initiative. 5. Authority and Responsibility. 6. Esprit De Corps. 7. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest. . Stability of Tenure. 9. Remuneration. 10. Unity of Direction. 11. Centralization. 12. Scalar Chain. 14. Unity of Command. 3. Max Webers Bureaucratic Theory Of Management Weber made a distinction between authority and power. Weber believed that power educes obedience through force or the threat of force which induces individuals to deposit to regulations. According to Max Weber, there are three types of power in an organization- 1. Traditional antecedent 2. Charismatic Power 3. Bureaucratic Power or Legal Power. Features of Bureaucracy 1. Division of Labor. 2. pro forma stratified Structure. 3.Selection based on Technical Expertise. 4. Management by Rules. 5. Written Documents. 6. Only Legal Power is Important. 7. Formal and Impersonal relations. 4. Elton Mayos Behavioral Theory of Management Elton Mayos experiments showed an increase in worker productivity was produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out, involved, and made to feel important. Hawthorne Effect, can be summarized as Employees provide respond positively to any novel change in work environment like break-dance illumination, clean work stations, relocating workstatio ns etc. Employees are more productive because they know they are being studied.